МІЖНАРОДНО-ПРАВОВЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ МОРСЬКОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ

Abstract

The article examines the international legal instruments which form the basis of international cooperation of States in ensuring maritime security. Despite a fairly large volume of achievements of the international community in the field of legal regulation of maritime safety, the level of accidents in the world's maritime fleet and the harmful consequences for humanity and the environment is still very high. The negative consequences of large ship accidents extend not only to the direct participants of the maritime enterprise, the ship, its crew and passengers, and shipowners, but also pollute and cause damage to coastal countries and the population whose lives are endangered by maritime accidents. Maritime security is a component of state security, so strategic tasks and priorities for the development of the maritime industry should be defined in strategic documents at the national level of each world maritime country. The correlation between national maritime legislation and international maritime legislation is relevant for maritime security. It is noted that international legal regulation of maritime security is becoming increasingly important in the context of rapid economic development and development of the high-tech sector, when the size of ships increases, the intensity of navigation in many areas of the World Ocean increases significantly, and the number of maritime accidents and disasters increases. The author identifies the factors that influence the need to create a legal framework for the safety of maritime activities and minimize the negative consequences for humanity and the environment. The UN, the International Maritime Organization and other international governmental and non-governmental organizations cooperating with them play an important role in the adoption of international norms (conventions, agreements, rules, recommendations). The implementation of national legal measures to ensure maritime safety is possible provided that a system of state maritime security is established and that the maritime administration, as well as the activities of controlling and inspecting authorities, work together in a joint, effective manner.