Сложность. Разум. Постнеклассика (обзор литературы)

Abstract

There are three main approaches in the development of mankind. These approaches encompass all anthropogenic activities and are the basis of paradigm change. The transition from one paradigm to another (from deterministic to stochastic and to the third synergetic paradigm) the certain patterns were identified. To consider the differences between these three paradigms the authors introduced the philosophical categories of certainty - uncertainty, predictability - unpredictability. Currently, we are witnessing the birth of the third, synergetic paradigm, which is based on the design of the origin, formation, development and change (evolution) of complex open nonlinear non-equilibrium systems. The theory of self-organization claims to be interdisciplinary and universality, including in the sphere of creation a modern social picture of the world. Synergetics is dealing with collective and mass processes, with complex social systems and it is the most rational key to solving this problem. The Humanity, creating a science, did constantly a system synthesis, specifying in any science, the most important variables and the laws by which these variables are developing. All the laws of physics, chemistry were determined by such rules. Synergetics is now trying to say, how to do it in all Sciences. This review presents the basic principles of the theory of chaos and self-organization and main scientific areas of synergetics. The basics of application of synergetic methodology to practitioners of strategic planning, forecasting, forsythe and modeling were analyzed. The authors presented on the principles of synergetics the basic staged scenarios for the development and management of complex systems. The coping and management of social chaos and interdisciplinary modeling were classified.