ГНОСЕОЛОГІЧНА СПАДЩИНА ФІЛОСОФІЇ ГРИГОРІЯ СКОВОРОДИ

Abstract

The research analysis is focused on the consideration of the main postulates of H.Skovoroda philosophy of the heart. Cordocentrism, as a direction of the religious philosophical tradition, most significantly affects the issues of cognition and the potential of philosophical knowledge. It is in connection with this that the heart is a creative cognitive center of a human's spiritual life. The heart accumulates in itself the human and the transcendent in their sacred sense, is the focus of the Ukrainian philosophy of cardocentrism. And that is why the analysis of the heart problem as a teaching about the special deep nature of knowledge: "heart contemplation", "listening to the heart", "voice of the heart", is a problematic field of philosophical knowledge reflection. These methodological principles became the foundation of the Eastern Christian tradition. In this tradition, hesychasm acquires importance as a practice of a special mystical experience. It is noted that the philosophy of H.Skovoroda considers the development of the cognitive process through the renewal of the heart: the transition from the "old" to the "new" state of the heart. In the philosophical and theological tradition, such symbolism is identical to the principles of the "old" and "new" Adam, which are key positions in the evolution of humanity. Thus, the philosopher's attempts to focus precisely on the fundamental principles of human knowledge of the world lay a powerful cognitive potential in H.Skovoroda's concept of the heart. The author focuses on the fact that within the framework of the methodological uncertainty of modern philosophy (let's call the problem of the methodological crisis so) the unique cognitive potential of the heart has epistemological perspectives. This potential is the basis of a synthetic method of cognitive activity. Due to its own synthetic nature, only this heart has a direct relation to the sphere of meaning (and not the ratio, as the modern epistemological tradition in the postpositivism form is wont to declare). It is noted that the practices of "heart synthesis" are aimed at the search for knowledge deeper than logical-evidential epistema or doxa. So, within the framework of solving the epistemological problem of modern philosophy, turning to the philosophical heritage of cardocentrism, and directly to the philosophy of the heart of H. Skovoroda, is a promising direction of philosophical knowledge.