Граф Муравьёв-Амурский и Забайкалье

Abstract

Governor-General of Eastern Siberia N. N. Muravyov proposed to focus on solving continental problems, leaving Alaska to America. He developed a plan for the development of the Amur, choosing Transbaikalia as a springboard for solving socio-political and economic problems, where the Trans-Baikal Region was created with the center in Chita with the statute of the city, the TransBaikal Cossack army, the registration of peasants to factories was canceled. Chita began to play the role of the Eastern Kronstadt and the upper Amur pier. Since 1854, Amur expeditionary raftings began with the Ingoda or the Shilka, ensuring the movement of military personnel, mainly from trans-Baikal Cossacks, weapons and food to the mouth of the Amur. During the first four years of rafting, Muravyov mastered and began to populate the Amur banks with migrant peasants. He managed to repel the attack of the Anglo-French squadron and convince the Chinese authorities of Russia's peaceful and friendly intentions. Friendly agreements were concluded with China – the Aigun, Tianjin and Beijing agreements on the delimitation of the territory along the Amur and Ussuri. For mastering the Amur River, according to the rescript, Muravyov was granted by Alexander II the title of count and the honorary name Amur. In modern scientific and educational literature, there is a clear underestimation of the activities of Count N. N. Muravyov-Amursky.