Онтологія уроджених вад кульшової кістки

Abstract

Deepening and generalization of already existing knowledge about rare diseases and congenital anomalies are becoming relevant in modern medicine. Congenital malformations are often combined with other abnormalities, including the genitourinary tract. It is assumed that there is a rare model of associated anomalies limited to a specific area of the body. The purpose of the study was the analysis and generalization of information from the sources of scientific literature on сongenital malformations of the hip bone, their classification and interpretation in alphabetical order. This study is a continuation of our previous research on сongenital malformations of the lower extremities. Results and discussion. Congenital malformations of the pelvic girdle, in particular hip dysplasia and congenital hip dislocation, are the most common. Hip dysplasia occurs with a frequency of 5 to 16%. To understand the morphological background of congenital anomalies of the pelvic bone and their surgical treatment, it is necessary to have an idea of prenatal development not only of each of the three pelvic girdle bones but also the genitourinary system, rectum, and vagina. Among the three parts of the pelvic bone, the process of ossification of the pubic bone is the latest and begins between 5 and 6 months of fetal development. The primary center of ossification is located in the upper part of the future bone in front of the acetabulum and in the immediate vicinity of the sciatic and femoral nerves. Based on the analysis of literature sources, an attempt was made to summarize the existing information on the congenital malformations of the pelvic girdle bones and propose their classification and interpretation according to the alphabet. Conclusion. Pelvic congenital malformations can be both generalized and isolated. Generalized congenital malformations of the pelvic bones lead to a change in the configuration of the whole pelvis, and isolated – involve one bone or part of it. Generalized pelvic congenital malformations include the anatomically narrow pelvis, hypoplastic pelvis, infantile pelvis, uniformly narrowed pelvis, oblique pelvis, funnel-shaped pelvis, flat pelvis, flat narrowed pelvis, transversely narrowed pelvis, scoliotic pelvis, spondylosis. Isolated pelvic bone defects include pubic bone aplasia, hip aplasia, achondrogenesis, achondroplasia, hip hypoplasia, deep acetabulum, hip dysplasia, cleidocranial dysplasia, limbus, neolimbus, retroversion of the acetabulum, and stenosis of the acetabulum