마커스 가비의 카리스마 리더십과 흑인민족주의

Abstract

This paper examines the charismatic leadership and black nationalism of Jamaican-born black leader Marcus Garvey. Garvey’s charismatic leadership has created a black vision and consensus that can inspire African pride, African culture to blacks and realize a sharp sense of history and zeitgeist. He also became a political leader from a labor activist to advocate blackness, independence, and Africa for Africans, and united the black public with passion, wide-ranging insight and appealing eloquence, becoming the first pioneer of black popular movements in the world.
 Garvey’s black nationalism was political nationalism, unlike Booker Washington’s economic nationalism and DuBoise’s black soul and cultural nationalism led by elite intellectuals. Garvey opposed the integration of blacks into white society and promoted the ‘Back-to-Africa’ movement and extreme black nationalism to unify blacks around the world and create an independent black country. The Back-to-Africa movement and the meeting of white racists KKK with Clark severely damaged his charismatic leadership and was eventually deported to Jamaica for mail fraud. He did not regain his previous leadership, but to this day he has UNIA branches in more than 40 countries and has greatly influenced the leadership of the fledgling African nation.