Генетическая составляющая типизации речных русел

Abstract

The paper represents the analysis of the existing, most common classifications (typifications) of river channels. It is displayed that almost in all approaches, regardless of the methodological basis, there is a morphogenetic component. Restriction of the whole variety of conditions for river channels development by one or two or three factors of channel formation confines the possibilities of channel analysis, distinguishing the main regularities of channel dynamics and management of channel processes in practical problems solution. In the case study of the Ob’ River the estimation was performed of the changes of channel morphology and dynamics along the river as the consequences of the multifactor nature of channel processes. The main attention is paid to the morphodynamic classification of river channels by the Moscow State University, which is characterized by the most complete account of their morphology and channel changes regime. A block structure of this classification reflects the sequence of structural levels of channel processes manifestations (mountain and lowland rivers as a reflection of different flow turbulence and forms of sediment transport, incised and wide-floodplain channels which develop in different geological and geomorphological conditions, morphodynamic channel types themselves – meandering, braided and relatively straight and the diversity of their varieties, etc.) – so this classification demonstrates complex interrelations between its structural levels. Accounting of channel stability, size of bed-material load, direction of vertical channel development (river entrenchment (incision)/accumulation of sediments) and anthropogenic channel change gives to the classification a universal character, makes it possible for regional generalizations and mapping of territories and river basins, gives an opportunity to use it as a basis of channel processes management in water economy and water transport.