“两山”基地生态系统生产总值核算与“两山”转化分析——以浙江省宁海县为例

Abstract

为评估"绿水青山就是金山银山"实践创新基地（"两山"基地）的"绿水青山"价值及绿水青山向金山银山的转化（"两山"转化）成效，以生态系统价值核算相关理论和方法为基础，构建了基于生态产品价值、生态调节价值和生态文化价值的"两山"基地生态系统生产总值（Gross Ecosystem Product， GEP）核算体系，并探索性地以生态产品价值和生态文化价值之和评估"两山"转化成效。以"两山"基地——浙江省宁海县为例，对2011-2018年宁海县GEP和"两山"转化价值进行核算。结果表明，2011-2018年期间宁海县GEP逐年提高，2018年GEP为1259.03亿元，较2011年增长了47.78%，是同年地区生产总值（GDP）的2.09倍，生态调节服务是宁海生态系统的最主要生态服务类型，其价值达670.59亿元，占GEP的53.26%。2018年，宁海县"两山"转化价值为588.44亿元，较2011年增长了1.39倍，其中旅游转化的贡献度最高。"森林宁海"建设、依托生态优势发展特色全域生态旅游、创新生态补偿机制开展流域生态环境整治等是宁海县GEP增长的主要驱动力。GEP核算体系可以作为"两山"基地建设成效评估和"两山"转化评估的参考依据。;In order to quantify the monetary value of ecosystem services for ‘Lucid Waters and Lush Mountains are Invaluable Assets’ Practice Bases (‘Two Mountains’ bases) and evaluate transformation approach from ‘lucid waters and lush mountains’ to ‘invaluable assets’, this study developed a framework of gross ecosystem product (GEP) accounting which is suitable for ‘Two Mountains’ bases based on recent advances in ecosystem value accounting. The framework of GEP included the value of ecological products provision, ecosystem regulating services, and ecosystem cultural services. At the same time, the total value of ecological products provision and ecosystem cultural services was used to evaluate the transformation from ‘lucid waters and lush mountains’ to ‘invaluable assets’. Taking Ninghai County in Zhejiang province as an example, this paper evaluated its GEP from 2011 to 2018. The results showed that the GEP of Ninghai County increased by 47.78% from 2011 to 2018.The GEP in 2018 was 125.90 billion Yuan, of which the value of ecosystem regulating services was the highest, accounting for 53.26%. The GEP was 1.09 times higher than the GDP. In 2018, the transformation value was 58.84 billion Yuan, an increase of 139%. Tourism was the dominate driver of the increase. The changes in GEP from 2011 to 2018 were the results of the construction of ‘forest Ninghai’, the development of ecological tourism, and the implementation of ecological compensation. The findings of the study show that this GEP accounting system can be applied to account, assess and monitor the development performance of ‘Two Mountains’ bases.