Історичні ландшафти перших цукроварень Поділля

Abstract

The locations of the first sugar factories in Podillia have been identified. The post-technogenic landscapes formed within these locations were studied. The history of the emergence in 1824-1827 and the disappearance (mid-1840s, beginning of 1860s) of the oldest Podil sugar factories in Ukraine is described. These factories were located near the city of Bershad’, Vinnytsia region. The locations of these factories have been established on the outskirts of Glynske village and on Vorony village near the Bershad’. The authenticity of the post-technogenic landscapes formed at the locations of factories was proven by the methods of archaeological soil science and landscape indication. The first sugar factory was located near Glynske village, on the left slope of the valley and on a fragment of the high floodplain of the Dokhna River, the right tributary of the Southern Bug. The second plant was located near Vorony village on the steep slope of the valley of the small Viitivochka River near its confluence with the Dokhna. In the structure of modern landscapes, evidence of the presence of industrial facilities in the past was found here (an old driveway, remains of stone foundations, numerous man-made inclusions in outcrops, in the lower part of the slopes – areas with a hilly characteristic of strongly demutated post-man-made landscapes of sugar mills -pit microrelief of artificial origin, etc.). The results of drilling (up to 270 cm) and descriptions of soil sections testify to the presence of man-made activity in the past related to the production processes of sugar production. The historical status of these landscapes – as a monument of the history of science and technology of Ukraine, and accordingly – the requirement of legal confirmation of such a status for them is substantiated.