Профилактика пищевой аллергии: современные тенденции

Abstract

An elimination diet is one of the main measures to prevent flares of different food allergies. Primary prophylaxis of food allergies aims to form tolerance and prevent sensitization to food allergens in infants prone to allergies. Pediatric recommendations for the prevention of food allergies based on elimination diets with conventional formulas replaced by hydrolyzed formulas have been revised in the last decade. Currently, the exclusion of food allergens from the mother's diet, as well as administration of vitamins, prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics during pregnancy and breastfeeding are not recommended to prevent food allergies in infants. The age between 4 and 6 months is believed to be optimal for introducing complementary foods. It is still not recommended to use soy formula in infants under 6 months of age and use cow milk-based formulas in infants with a risk of allergy during their first week of life. There are no recommendations on any specific formulas to prevent allergy: it is possible to use both hydrolyzed and conventional formulas. Among the latter, goat milk-based formulas have a number of advantages. The assessment of the preventive effect of goat milk-based formulas, and particularly those containing the 2'-FL oligosaccharide, is undoubtedly promising. Key words: infants, allergy, allergy prevention, food allergy, goat milk, 2'-FL oligosaccharide