ЭЛЕМЕНТЫ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ВОСПРОИЗВОДСТВА ПОЧВЕННОГО ПЛОДОРОДИЯ

Abstract

To increase productivity of arable land and the impact on reproduction of soil fertility while using a reasonable amount of human energy per hectare of arable land it is important to work systematicly with crop rotations and organic-mineral supply system, that suggests exposure on the whole agrobiological system. A technique that has a significant impact on soil fertility is the use of fertilizers - organic and mineral, as well as maintaining an optimal acidic soil regime through chemical reclamation. To obtain a sufficient amount of fresh organic matter in the soil, it is necessary to have a set of crops in the sowing structure that have the ability to create a large biomass as a result of normally occurring processes of photosynthesis. Perennial legumes and cereals, their mixtures are the most important source of organic matter for the soil and should have in the rotation of 33-40% of the occupied area of sowing. It is established that the presence of 17% of meadow clover in the structure of sowing stabilizes the state of humus, 33% - provides its expanded reproduction. Long-term studies of ISA - branch center FNAC VIM shows that on dark-gray forest soil the greatest quantity of organic matter (dry weight) forms a legume-grass mixture - 10.4-11.8 t/ha, grasses (grass mixture) with the use of mineral fertilizers - 10.2 t/ ha, red clover - 6.8-8.9 t/ha. Crop-root residues of maize grown for silage without application of fertilizers are 6.35 t/ ha, with mineral fertilizers - 7.62 t/ha of organic matter (dry weight). The amount of plant residues, including straw from winter wheat, reaches up to 7.8 t/ha with fertilizers, without fertilizers - 7.2 t/ha.