НИЗЬКОВУГЛЕЦЕВІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ У ДОМЕННОМУ ВИРОБНИЦТВІ

Abstract

In recent years more and more actively work has been carried out in the direction of decarbonization of metallurgical processes as part of an active «green» campaign to reduce energy intensity and harmful emissions. Metallurgy of the future is increasingly called hydrogen. The article presents an analysis of the main promising directions of the transition of the world ferrous metallurgy to waste-free and environmentally friendly technologies, carbon neutrality and the maximum reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. The advantages and problems of «green» steel production are analyzed. An overview of pilot projects for the transition to carbon-free steel production at the world's largest metallurgical plants by using hydrogen instead of fossil fuels is given. The advantages and problems of using «gray», «green» and «blue» «carbon-neutral» hydrogen are analyzed. It is shown how the ideas about the role of hydrogen as a reducing agent in the blast furnace process were deepened and refined in the historical context in accordance with changes in the technology of blast furnace smelting and the contribution of ISI scientists to these studies. The main directions of modern developments in the field of decarbonization of metallurgical processes are given. The most promising are two areas of obtaining «green steel» currently - the injection of hydrogen into a blast furnace and the process of direct reduction of iron using hydrogen instead of fossil fuel. Investigations to determine the physicochemical regularities of the reduction processes in a blast furnace with the participation of hydrogen continue at the ISI at the present time. The results of laboratory studies of the influence of a reducing gas with a variable hydrogen content on the nature of the reduction of agglomerate and pellets in the «dry» zone of a blast furnace are presented.