Abstract
Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GvHD) is a very rare but potentially lethal complication occurring after blood components transfusion. Goal of the article: to analyze the literature describing this complication. TA-GvHD can develop due to several factors: quantity and viability of lymphocytes, contained in the transfused blood component, responsiveness of the patient's immune system to replantation of donor lymphocytes and degree of immunological HLA-homology between the donor and the recipient. History and epidemiology of this fatal syndrome, its pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostics and therapy have been reviewed. It has been shown that the main prevention techniques include abstaining from blood components transfusion collected from close relatives and using special irradiation modes, suppressing proliferation of the donor's lymphocytes. Conclusion: Doctors performing blood components transfusion should note that post-transfusion reaction development in the variant of graft-versus-host might develop in order to provide timely diagnostics and to start the specific treatment of this complication.
Highlights
Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GvHD) is a very rare but potentially lethal complication occurring after blood components transfusion
TA-GvHD can develop due to several factors: quantity and viability of lymphocytes, contained in the transfused blood component, responsiveness of the patient's immune system to replantation of donor lymphocytes and degree of immunological HLA-homology between the donor and the recipient
It has been shown that the main prevention techniques include abstaining from blood components transfusion collected from close relatives and using special irradiation modes, suppressing proliferation of the donor's lymphocytes
Summary
Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GvHD) is a very rare but potentially lethal complication occurring after blood components transfusion. Основным механизмом ПТ-РТПХ считается воздействие жизнеспособных донорских лимфоцитов, содержащихся в КК, на ткани реципиента и неспособность иммунной системы хозяина распознать и устранить лимфоциты из-за дефекта клеточного иммунитета или из-за общего HLA-гаплотипа между донором и реципиентом. В случае общего гаплотипа донорские лимфоциты несут те же HLA антигены, что и у реципиента, поэтому не распознаются как чужеродные. Одновременно клетки крови и ткани реципиента отличаются по HLA-антигенам, поэтому вызывают иммунный ответ со стороны лимфоцитов донора.
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