СОСТОЯНИЕ ГЕНОМА ПРИ ВНУТРИУТРОБНОМ ОБЛУЧЕНИИ

Abstract

The widespread use of sources of ionizing radiation for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes dictates the need to study the effect of intrauterine exposure on health. The search for literature sources was carried out using the MEDLINE databases in the PubMed, CyberLeninka, elibrary.ru search engine using the key words: intrauterine exposure, gene, genome, genomic instability, cytogenetics, mutations, chromosomal aberrations, gene expression. The review uses full-text literature sources in Russian and English. The literature search ended in November 2021. The paper presents a review of the literature on the state of the genome during intrauterine irradiation. The paper presents a review of the literature on the state of the genome during intrauterine irradiation. The results of a study of persons exposed to intrauterine exposure during the atomic bombing in Japan, during medical and diagnostic procedures, as well as data obtained in experimental studies on animals indicate that the main radiation-induced effects of intrauterine exposure were early death of the embryo/fetus, congenital malformations, growth and intellectual development retardation with a threshold of at least 100 mGy. Genetic disorders have been studied both in animal experiments and in individuals exposed to intrauterine exposure as a result of the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan, the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, in the offspring of parents exposed to occupational exposure, as well as in medical and man-made exposure. It was shown that changes in the genome depended on the type, dose, irradiation power and the phase of intrauterine development. Most aberrations of a stable type were represented by deletions and translocations. Unstable aberrations were also detected: paired fragments, centromeric breaks, dicentrics, rings.