Abstract
The article provides an overview of existing approaches to assessing the ecological conditions of the environment. An integral assessment of the current ecological conditions with a high level of anthropogenic impact on the environment and the constantly increasing population of the Earth is an important task aimed at determining the strategic path of sustainable development of countries and their regions. Environmental indicators used for this purpose should be representative of environmental conditions and be suitable for regular monitoring at various scale levels. Ecological conditions is an important factor of the quality of life, the role of which is steadily increasing. The article shows approaches to assessing the quality of life, taking into account environmental conditions of countries and their regions, and provides a variant of integral assessment for Russian cities using state statistics and environmental monitoring data. A study was carried out on the applicability of various indicators to assess the quality of life. Resulted map of the Russian cities quality of life shows the spatial distribution of the quality of life over the territory of Russia.
Highlights
The article provides an overview of existing approaches to assessing the ecological conditions of the environment
Ecological conditions is an important factor of the quality of life, the role of which is steadily increasing
A study was carried out on the applicability of various indicators to assess the quality of life
Summary
Наиболее известные из них: The Environmental Sustainability Index (Индекс устойчивого развития окружающей среды) создан учёными Йельского и Колумбийского университетов совместно с Всемирным Экономическим Форумом. Ecosystem Wellbeing Index (Индекс удовлетворительного состояния окружающей среды) [Prescott-Allen, 2001] содержит 51 показатель состояния почвы, биосистемы, качества и доступности водных ресурсов, чистоты воздуха и атмосферы, энергии и др. Environmental Performance Index for Rich Nations (Индекс состояния окружающей среды для экономически развитых стран) [William et al, 2004], он охватывает широкий спектр показателей состояния окружающей среды в современном мире (изменение климата, озоновая дыра, истощение рыбных ресурсов и т.д.). Environmental Policy Performance Index (Индекс экологической политики) [Adriaanse, 1993] объединяет 42 показателя, применяется с целью проследить направление развития экономики и общества с точки зрения экологического подхода. Одна из самых масштабных систем индикаторов устойчивого развития разработана Комиссией ООН по устойчивому развитию (Commissionon Sustainable Development – CSD).
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