Современная русская философия о человеке

Abstract

The article analyzes the current state of affairs in Russian philosophy in connection with the question «What is a human individual?». While distinguishing the terms “Russian philosophy” and “Russian-language philosophy”, the author points out the primordial metaphorical nature of Russian philosophy, its attempt to discover the ineffable in the language, which is characteristic of Rozanov's style of writing. Today this is expressed in the interest of Russian philosophy to the issue of the “literal” and “clip”. In contrast to the European philosophy that interprets itself as ontology, Russian philosophy perceives itself as anthropology. The apophatic and literal language seems to be the most adequate one for the description of the phenomenon of “the human individual”. While the Western philosophy eliminates today the issue of a human individual and transforms anthropological knowledge into non-human anthropology, the Russian philosophy qualifies the human situation as an anthropological catastrophe. Meeting the challenges of this catastrophe, Russian philosophy formulates a number of anthropological projects, which are analyzed in detail in this article. These projects are united under the title of post-cosmism, which opposes the post-humanistic tendencies of Western philosophy. Post-cosmism sees the truth of the human nature in its extension and exceeding its own bounds. It is not the reduction to the world of things, but the transcendence of self that opens up the true horizon of a human being.