Abstract
Since 2010, significant archaeological excavations have taken place at four distinct sites in North Korea. Three cave sites — Tongam-dong Cave, Hyangmok-ri Cave, and Limgyong Cave — along with one open-air site, Sinpung-ri, have been the focus of these investigations. Tongam-dong Cave and Sinpung-ri are situated in South Pyongan Province, while Hyangmok-ri and Limgyong Caves are located in Gangdong County, Pyongyang City. The excavation at Tongam-dong Cave has yielded a variety of Paleolithic artifacts, including stone tools, bone tools, and animal fossils, providing the significant cultural features of the Lower Paleolithic. At Hyangmok-ri Cave, the unearthed stone tools are indicative of the early Upper Paleolithic. Conversely, the stone tools discovered at the Sinpung-ri site date back to the late Upper Paleolithic. In addition, human fossils recovered from Limgyong Cave are identified as Homo sapiens sapiens from the late Upper Paleolithic. The results of absolute dating of sediments and animal fossils at these sites provide crucial data for understanding the evolving landscape of Paleolithic archaeology in North Korea.
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