Abstract
Currently, the possible role of intestinal microorganisms in the etiology and pathogenesis of mental illness is being actively studied all over the world. Every year the number of studies is steadily increasing, however, in the Russian-speaking environment, an awareness of this issue and the number of extensive reviews of scientific literature still remain at an insignificant level. The aim of this study is to review and systematize the scientific literature and clinical studies on the impact of the intestinal microbiome on the etiology and pathogenesis of depression, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, Alzheimer's disease, bipolar disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. The actual studies were conducted in sick volunteers and animal models using different approaches: comparison of the composition of the gut microbiota between affected subjects and controls; observation of behavioral changes in affected subjects after administration of pathogenic intestinal microbiota or probiotics. Definite regularities in the change in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the taxonomic units of various microorganisms were revealed.
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