중국 해양오염방제에 관한 법적 고찰

Abstract

In order to conserve and manage the marine environment efficiently, China enacted the Marine Environment Protection law in 1982 and has established a pollution control system to respond to marine pollution accidents such as oil and Hazardous Chemicals. In China, oil pollution accidents at sea are classified by type. Under the distributed management structure China MSA supervise the marine pollution caused by ship accident. State Oceanic Administration supervise the marine pollution caused by oil exploration and development. Each department has taken emergency response plan to different type of marine pollution accident. Despite that the government does its efforts to establish a marine pollution control system, large-scale marine pollution accidents such as the 2011 Penglai oilfield spill accident in Bohai Bay and the Sanchi crash in 2018 had occurred. The reality is that the pollution control system and emergency countermeasures did not work effectively. In order to solve these problems, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment unified environmental management tasks through government reorganization in 2018. Ministry of Ecology and Environment started to improve the pollution control system by promoting the revision of the Environmental Protection Management Ordinance on offshore oil exploration and development in 2019. This paper examines the current status of marine pollution accidents and pollution control systems. Providing an effective policy for marine pollution control, suggesting directions for improving the legal system by analyzing the current status and contents of related legislations.