중국어 공손표현에 수반되는 신체언어 연구

Abstract

This study classified body language into different types in terms of politeness and analyzed the aspect of expressions. It was judged that politeness can be evidently observed at work where relationships are clearly based on rank, so this study analyzed Chinese dramas whose primary settings are work places. As a result, this study classified the body language into five types for analysis, and the five types are greeting and giving regards; asking and requesting; gestures of gratitude; gestures of refusal and apologizing; and gestures of congratulation and compliment. This study also collected and analyzed linguistic expressions that accompany body language. The analysis results are as follows. Regarding the greeting speech-act, junior staff give slight nods or bows to superiors. Along with these body expressions, they use linguistic expressions consisting of “appellation and greeting,” such as “何总好(Hé zǒng hǎo)” and “曲总好 (Qǔ zǒng hǎo).” They say “再见(Zàijiàn)” or “拜拜(Bàibài)” to say good-bye to superiors, raising a hand. This can be seen as a unique Chinese body language, different from Korea, where it is general to wave a hand to a friend of a similar age as a light greeting while waving a hand to a superior is considered somewhat rude. As for the asking and requesting speech-act, Chinese people say “麻烦您了(Máfan nínle: Let me trouble you)” and then give a deep bow. In the apology speech-act, Chinese say “对不住对不住大家(Duì bu zhù duì bu zhù dàjiā),” putting their hands together. In the congratulation and compliment speech-act, when a person stands up from the table and empties the glass, other people at the table clap their hands or give thumbs up to express compliment. Along with the act, they say “好酒量(Hăo jiǔliàng),” meaning “You are quite a drinker.” Linguistic expressions of gratitude are often used in daily life but with no specific actions accompanied. If a linguistic and non-linguistic manuel is developed based on these analysis results, the manual can be of great educational importance.