СОКРАТИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ: АНАЛИЗ НЕКОТОРЫХ ВОПРОСОВ

Abstract

The article is devoted to the consideration of the life and worldview of Socrates, relying primarily on the works of remarkable Russian historians of ancient philosophy: Aleksei Fedorovich Losev (1893–1988) and Semushkin Anatoly Vasilyevich (1939–2013). It deals with issues that could not previously be specifically addressed in the research literature or have stereotypical assessments: Socrates' religious beliefs, his socio-political views, attitude to dialectics and epistemology, the specificity of ethical views. For example, if A.F. Losev defines the method of Socrates as dialectical, then A.V. Semushkin convincingly shows that he was rather a “transcendentalist”, and he borrowed “dialectics” as eristics, the art of argument, from the sophists. His dialectic did not carry an epistemological-ontological meaning. The criticism of the Socratic understanding of ethics in the history of philosophy, associated primarily with the assessment of F. Nietzsche, is considered. Nevertheless, the Socrates' life is assessed in line with the ideas of K. Jaspers, and Socrates himself – as an "axial personality" who lived in the "Axial Age".