ТОЛЕРАНТНІСТЬ ЯК ФІЛОСОФСЬКО-ПОЛІТИЧНА КАТЕГОРІЯ

Abstract

Radionova L. A. Tolerance as a philosophical andpolitical category. – Article.The article deals with the consideration of thecategory tolerance. While tolerance is considered not asa moral, ethical category, not as a value in itself, but asa philosophical and political category. In the context ofthe crisis of the liberal model of tolerance, the questionof rethinking the foundations of tolerance within theframework of liberal theory itself is raised. The authorsrefer to John Locke as the source of the discussion ofliberal tolerance. It has been proven that historicallythe category of tolerance has made its way into classicalliberal theory through the development by John Locke ofthe topic of tolerance in the religious sphere. Thinkinghistorically, not metaphysically, the authors understandthat in reality the limit of tolerance is not drawn by anabstract universal eternal mind, but by existing politicalrealities in specific historical contexts. It has been shownthat politics needs to justify the limits beyond whichruthless suppression, not tolerance, operates. It is alsoemphasized that the right to a tolerant attitude does notextend to thoughts and actions that lead to riots and domore harm than good to society, as well as to anything thatdisturbs the peace of the people and threatens the peace ofthe state. What is prohibited by state law for all citizenscannot be the object of tolerance towards any one categoryof people. It has been shown that the political practiceof tolerance still includes violence, as it depoliticizesprivate differences in any way. Attempts to leave privatedifferences in the private sphere today entail especiallymany contradictions. This is completely impossiblebecause the list of those who have the right to a tolerantattitude is expanding only through political struggle. Ithas been shown that in the modern world, those who aretolerated tend to feel an acute need for their symbolicrepresentation, especially those whose worldviews donot draw a clear line between private and public space.However, careful analysis reveals that behind the themeof conflict and identity lies the economic conflict. It isshown that the depoliticization of the private sphere is anintegral part of the classical concept of tolerance, based onthe state’s indifference to private differences. Accordingto Locke, the right to tolerance goes beyond politics. Thearticle emphasizes that the main practical significance ofthe idea of tolerance is that it can put an end to intolerablepolitical violence.