Эффективность обработки картофеля пектиновыми полисахаридами

Abstract

The article presents research materials for 2012...2015 on the study of the influence of new growth regulators on precocity, productivity and quality of potato tubers cultivated on sod-podzolic soil in the conditions of the Republic of Komi. Object of research - zoned varieties of potato Nevsky (middle-early) and Gloria (early-ripe). Biopreparation Verva and new pectic polysaccharides Lemnan (LM) - pectin from Lemna minor L. and Silenan (SV) - pectin from callus tissue of Silene vulgaris (M.) G. [Oberna behen (L.) Ikonn] were tested as the growth regulators The experiment scheme included pre-sowing soaking of potato tubers (dilution rate - 100 ml per 10 liters of water, consumption - 10 liters per 1 ton of tubers) and top-dressing of plants at phases of 3.5 leaves and tuber formation (dilution rate - 100 ml per 10 liters of water, consumption of working liquid - 300 liters/ha). Pre-sowing treatment and top-dressing with water was used as control. The use of pectic polysaccharides accelerated the passage of the development phases of potato varieties: the period of emergence of full shoots - by 2.8 days; from shoots to budding - by 2.7 days, from budding to mass flowering - by 4.14 days. Preparations LM, SV, Verva increased the early potato productivity by 51.2; 32.5; 48.8% (variety Nevsky) and 220.5; 261.4; 245.5% (variety Gloria) in comparison with the control variant. The increments of the total yield were according in variety Nevsky 9.3; 7.3; 8.9 t/ha (38.0.48.4%), in variety Gloria 32.7; 23.7; 29.9 t/ha (106.3.146.6%). Treatment with pectic polysaccharides increased the content of dry matter, starch, and vitamin C in tubers of potato respectively by 1.6.2.4; 5.1.6.2; 3.2.3.7% in variety Nevsky, and by 12.1.14.9; 13.1.17.2; 25.7.32.4% in variety Gloria. The use of preparations LM and SV reduced the nitrate content in tubers by 8.22 mg/kg (variety Nevsky) and 83.71 mg/kg (variety Gloria).