저온저장한 수삼의 가공 중 성분변화

Abstract

10월 초에 채굴한 6년근 수삼을 4<TEX>$^{\circ}C$</TEX><TEX>$\pm$</TEX>1<TEX>$^{\circ}C$</TEX>, RH 87∼92%에 10주간 저장하면서 1주 간격으로 시료 채취하여 동결건조 인삼과 홍삼을 제조하여 성분변화를 비교조사 하였다. 총당은 저장기간의 경과에 따라 홍삼은 약간 감소하였고, 환원당은 증가하여 저장전 1.48%에서 10주째는 23.33%였다. 유리당은 홍삼에서 fructose는 증가하였으나 glucose와 sucrose 는 증가후 감소하였고 maltose는 6.62%에서 점차 감소하였으며, 동결건조인삼은 fructose, glucose, sucrose 모두 증가하여 특히 sucrose는 저장전 10.96%에서 7주째는 24.38%로 증가하였고 maltose는 검출되지 않았다. 물추출물의 수율은 7 <TEX>$.$</TEX> 8주째가 약간 높았고, pH는 3 <TEX>$.$</TEX> 4주째가 약간 높았으며. 탁도는 동결건조인삼은 변화가 없으나 홍삼은 감소하였다. 비수용성 단백질은 홍삼에서 검출되지 않았으며 동결건조인삼은 저장기간의 경과에 따라 비수용성단백질은 감소하고 수용성단백질은 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 페놀화합물은 홍삼과 동결건조인삼에서 각각 저장 7주와 9째 가장 높았으나 그 양은 홍삼이 높았다. 비휘발성유기산은 동결건조인삼과 홍삼 모두 citric acid는 감소하였고, glutamic acid와 pyruvic acid는 동결건조인삼에서 미량이었으나 홍삼은 최고 37 <TEX>$\mu$</TEX>g/g과 592 <TEX>$\mu$</TEX>g/g이 검출되었다. The six-year old fresh ginseng collected at earlier October was stored for 10 weeks in the condition of 4<TEX>$^{\circ}C$</TEX><TEX>${\pm}$</TEX>1<TEX>$^{\circ}C$</TEX> and RH 87∼92%, and the chemical components were investigated in an interval oi one week by taking sample of it after making it to the freeze-dryed ginseng and the red ginseng. The total sugar content of the red ginseng was a little reduced as the period of storage elapsed, and the reducing sugar content was 1.48eic before it was stored and was increased to 23.33% after 10 weeks of storage. For the free sugar of the red ginseng, the content of the fructose was increased, bit the contents of the glucose and the sucrose were gradually decreased after it was a little increased. The content of the maltese was 6.62% before storage and it was gradually decreased. For the free sugar of the freeze-dryed ginseng, the contents of the fructose, the glucose and the sucrose were increased. Especially the content of the sucrose was 10.96% before it was stored and was a increased to 24.38% after 7 weeks of storage, and the content of maltose was not detected. The yield of water extract was a little high at 7-8 weeks of storage and the pH was a little high at 3-4 weeks of storage. The turbidity was not changed for the freeze-dryed ginseng but was decreased for the red ginseng The water non-soluble protein was not detected in the red ginseng, and for the freeze-dryed ginseng the water non-soluble protein was reduced and the water soluble protein was increased as the period of storage was elapsed. The contents of the phenolic compounds for the red ginseng and the freeze-dryed ginseng and have their peak values after 7 and 9 weeks of storage respectively, and the amount of phenolic compounds was larger for the red ginseng. For the content of the non-volatile organic acids, the content of the citric acid was decreased both for the red ginseng and the freeze-dryed ginseng, and the contents of the glut-matic acid and the pyruvic acid were very small for the freeze-dryed ginseng, but were detected in the red ginseng at a maximum value of 37 <TEX>${\mu}$</TEX>g/g and 592 <TEX>${\mu}$</TEX>g/g respectively.