К особенностям проветривания урановых рудников

Abstract

The systems of ventilation of radioactive deposits require special measures to minimize the impact of radon on miners. During the production of uranium ores, the working conditions of miners are determined by the content of metal in the broken ore, the intensity of radon emission, and the ventilation quality; therefore, the issues of mine atmosphere quality management become the top of the agenda. The patterns of gas interaction are found by modeling, with the determination of values of leaks through the exhaust space. The depth of regulation of air supply to the shaft bottom is determined as a function of regulation on the outgoing jet, the regime of airflow through the exhaust space, and the leak coefficient. A model of airflow in the direction of the shaft bottom has been compiled with the variables of the movement of ventilation jets. The pattern of airflow movement depending on the amount of air and the dimensions of the collapse area has been obtained. The mechanism to reduce contamination by using gas drainage through the collapsed wall has been identified. The recommendation on airing the mine workings with turbulent jets at a turbulent, laminar, and transient regime has been provided. A method to manage the atmosphere in the mine by adjusting the regime of leak movement through the mine working spaces has been recommended. The possibility of providing a mine with the required air by rationalizing the aerodynamic connection of mining operations with the surface has been substantiated. A practical issue of the airing of a section of an operating mine has been resolved as an example. It has been demonstrated that the substantiation of the possible use of isolated ventilation workings to release the contaminated air ensures cost savings due to the dismissal of a part of ventilation mine workings while ensuring the safety of miners. It has been proved that the possibilities of the injection method of ventilation increase when using an auxiliary drainage system.