Динамика и статика в ономастике

Abstract

We consider static and dynamic in onomastics. We establish that, despite the fact that the synchronic and diachronic approaches to language are quite independent techniques, it must be admitted that “static”, although it may seem paradoxical, is not a synchronic, but a diachronic fact, which can be discovered when considering the language in time perspective. We justify that ergonyms serve people of adjacent generations and, on the one hand, ergonyms are supposedly stable and static, but, on the other hand, they are subject to dynamic processes. This inconsistency is the basis for the existence of egronyms and the source from development. On the material of oikodomonyms with the onymic part “anthroponyms”, reflecting the territorial variants depending on the linguistic and linguo-cultural preferences of the Tambov inhabitants, and the word “home”, the static and dynamic nature of the ergonomic category is considered. We prove that the identification of what is static and what is dynamic is possible only after the establishment of certain historical stages (boundaries) in the language. This will allow a native speaker to perceive the language as an objectively existing means of communication, and a linguist – to establish the systemic nature of the language and evaluate it retrospectively and prospectively.