Аэрация зданий на сложном рельефе

Abstract

Introduction. It is necessary to learn the wind speed distribution and its impact on facades to study the aeration characteristics of a built-up area. An important task is to assess an increase in the heat loss from a building. In addition, the building itself, its shape and location have a significant impact on the nature of the air flow. The wind speed and direction change near a building; there is strong eddying around it, depending on the shape in plan and the volumetric-spatial solution. A built-up area, accommodating different layouts of buildings, also affects the nature of the air flow. Materials and methods. Methods of theoretical, field studies of the aeration of buildings were adopted to identify the influence of different terrains on the nature of air flows. Domestic and foreign methods of scientific research have been analyzed. The methodology that allows predicting the aeration pattern in curtilages has been developed. Results. Approaches to the problem of improving the environment in terms of studying methods of aerodynamic calculations, used in structural aerodynamics, are considered. The purposeful statement of theoretical and experimental researches, focused on developing an effective method for the calculation of natural aeration of buildings is outlined. The intensity of air exchange between indoor and outdoor environments under the wind pressure, wind loads on buildings, aeration of premises, heat losses from infiltration, or air leakage through enclosing structures were identified. The designed model, simulating the formation of a circulation zone for various dimensions of buildings, wind flow velocities, and slope steepness values allows projecting the aeration in curtilages. Conclusions. The proposed calculation method can be used to project the aeration in curtilages and identify windless regions on the windward side of a building; it is also possible to identify the amount of air flowing in and out through the opposite windward and windward openings in the walls of buildings when they are located in the windward side of a mountain, the aeration of rooms, wind loads on buildings, and heat losses from infiltration.