ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ХОЛОДИЛЬНОЇ МАШИНИ НА ПРОПІЛЕНІ

Abstract

The first working substance used in refrigeration machines is air. After that, substances, such as ammonia, carbon dioxide, ethylene, propane and many others, began to be used as a working substance. In the middle of the twentieth century. By replacing hydrogen atoms with fluorine, bromine and chlorine at the boundary hydrocarbon molecules, among which methane, butane, propane and ethane can be mentioned, scientists and engineers managed to create dozens of synthetic refrigerants, which at a sufficient time practically displaced natural substances and became the most used refrigeration working substances. But the increasing influence of these substances as a result of their application in refrigeration technology has led to the destruction of the Earth’s ozone layer and global warming.The following criteria, such as safety, costs and environmental protection, play an important role in deciding which refrigerant to be used in this or that refrigeration unit or air conditioner. Due to the constant rise in energy prices, electricity consumption also plays an increasingly important role. Ideally, the refrigerant used should have excellent thermodynamic characteristics, high chemical stability and good physical properties. In addition, it should not affect the environment, or its impact on it should be minimal. Also, the refrigerant should be available everywhere at a low price. But, unfortunately, there is no refrigerant that meets all these requirements. Therefore, in practice, the solution in favor of the most appropriate refrigerant depends on a variety of factors. In this case, the scope and requirements established by the operating company play the same important role as the place of installation of equipment and its environmental impact. But the decisive moment of impact on energy consumption is nevertheless a structural solution for the entire refrigeration plant, taking into account the conditions of partial loads, since its efficiency depends to a greater extent on the general concept of equipment than on the choice of a refrigerant. However, a number of relevant projects show that refrigeration equipment works efficiently and without causing environmental damage in the event that it uses natural refrigerants. The purpose of the study is to compare and compare the characteristics of a single stage refrigeration machine, in which the refrigerant R134a and alternative natural refrigerants act as a working substance, which is a significant alternative to the existing refrigerants of HCFC and HFC groups - propane, propylene and isobutane.