Abstract

우리나라 논토양의 토양화학성을 4년 1주기로 정점조사하여 1999부터 2011년까지의 변화를 평가하였다. 2011년 논토양의 화학성 중 측정 평균값은 토양 pH가 5.7, 유기물함량은 <TEX>$26.0g\;kg^{-1}$</TEX>, 유효인산 함량은 <TEX>$131mg\;kg^{-1}$</TEX>을 나타냈다. 치환성 칼륨, 칼슘, 마그네슘 함량은 각각 0.3, 5.1, <TEX>$1.25cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$</TEX>이었고, 유효규산 함량은 <TEX>$146mg\;kg^{-1}$</TEX>이었다. 유효인산 함량은 적정범위 상한기준을 1.1배 초과하였고, 치환성 마그네슘과 유효규산 함량은 적정범위 하한기준의 각각 80%와 92% 수준이었다. 측정 평균값이 증가한 항목 중 과다와 적정범위의 비율도 증가하는 경향을 보였고, 적정범위보다 낮음의 비율은 감소하였다. 유효인산과 치환성칼륨 및 마그네슘 함량의 과다 비율은 다소 감소하고 부족비율은 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 따라서 양분과다 경지에 대하여는 토양검정에 의한 적정시비량을 준수하고, 규산질비료나 퇴비 등을 양분과다 경지보다는 부족한 경지로 공급될 수 있도록 하는 토양관리 또는 정책개발이 필요할 것으로 판단된다. Soil chemical properties of agricultural soils in Korea were investigated at four-years interval in order of paddy, plastic film house, upland, and orchard soils since 1999. Paddy soil samples were taken from the surface 15 cm at 4,047, 2,010, 2,110 and 2,110 sites in all provinces of South Korea in 1999, 2003, 2007 and 2010, respectively. Soil chemical properties in Korea except Jeju province were measured. Soil pH and exchangeable calcium and available silicate contents increased with increasing the application rate of silicate fertilizer and with decreasing its application interval. Soil organic matter content also increased from <TEX>$22.0g\;kg^{-1}$</TEX> in 1999 to <TEX>$26.0g\;kg^{-1}$</TEX> in 2011. Average concentration of available phosphate in 2011 was higher than the upper limit of its optimal range for rice cultivation. However, exchangeable magnesium and available silicate contents were below the lower limit of their optimal ranges, which were 80% and 92% of them, respectively.

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