기지국가 일본의 對 베트남 원조외교

Abstract

After the war, Japan laid the groundwork for the establishment of the ideology of a “peaceful state” by stipulating the renunciation of war in Article 9 of the Constitution. However, a contradictory situation arises when Japan assumes the role of a rear base for US warfare during the Korean War and Vietnam War. In other words, the concept of a ‘peace state’ was a ‘base state’ that entrusted Japan’s security guarantees to American-style diplomacy. Japan gained enormous benefits from the special effects of the Korean War, accounting for 63% of Japan’s exports at the time. On the other hand, the Vietnam War accounted for only 7-8% of Japan's exports, even including direct and indirect impacts, and there was no economic gain as much as in the Korean War. However, due to the Vietnam War, some countries in Southeast Asia, including Korea, have been on the trajectory of economic development, and Considering the structure of the international environment that has supported Japan’s rapid economic growth and economic development, the impact of the Vietnam War was much greater than expected. The Vietnam War is generally evaluated by Japanese as ‘Fire Across the Sea’, and in the discussion surrounding Japan’s role, it is pointed out it is a ‘participant in the aggression’. From the point of view of the Japanese people who regard Japan as a “peace country” and the Japanese people who have accepted democracy as a national identity, it has become natural for Japan to oppose the US war in Vietnam. Therefore, during the Vietnam War, citizens and students each participated in the nonviolent anti-war movement called Bepyongryeon (Peace in Vietnam! Citizens’ Union) and the ‘Zenkyoto Battle’ movement, which was organized around the students of the new left, in connection with the movement developed with the residents around the base, and Civil society began to be embraced. In this paper, we try to explore the form of the Japanese government's aid to Vietnam in this social awareness. In this paper, I try to explore the form of the Japanese government’s aid to Vietnam in this social awareness. In particular, in accordance with the mandatory implementation of the U.S.-Japan security treaty, the Japanese government provided a base to the United States and played a role in the Vietnam War and at the same time engaged in aid diplomacy. I think it will be meaningful to review and explore the direction of aid diplomacy through characteristics.