ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНЫХ МЕХАНИЗМОВ УСТНОЙ РЕЧИ

Abstract

The communicative system is most developed in social animals and is decisive in human evolution. The article discusses the possible evolutionary ways of the emergence and speech function formation. The possibility of the voice control formation on the anatomical and physiological basis of the gesture control system at the early stages of Homo evolution is discussed. The possible morphofunctional basis for the speech appearance is considered. The structure and connections of cerebral cortex various parts (temporal, inferior, parietal), in humans and monkeys is compared. It is known that the anatomy of the auditory cortex in different primate species is relatively similar, as well as the connections of the auditory cortex with the associative zones of the anterior temporal cortex and the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (in humans, the homologues of these structures form the ventral speech pathway). At the same time, the connections of the auditory cortex with the ventral premotor and inferior motor cortex, which constitute the human dorsal speech pathway, are poorly developed in monkeys. The underdevelopment of this pathway determines the development of communication in monkeys on the basis of gestural speech, since the morphological basis for voluntary-regulated vocalization and articulation has not formed during their evolution. Complex communication system based on oral speech could be formed on the basis of gradually accumulated evolutionary changes in speech (and not only) brain structures, and most importantly - the connectivity between them. The evolution of speech is discussed in terms of its close relationship with the instrument-labor activity.