Українські паремії з соматичними компонентами

Abstract

The paper is devoted to the analysis of Ukrainian paroemias with somatic components, determination of their quantitative ratio, and semantic meaning of the most common representative ones. Paroemias in the present study mean proverbs and sayings, that help to understand the linguistic picture of the world, a person's place in this world, the paradigm of his/her ideas about himself/herself, the environment, moral values, and so on. The close connection of somatics with everything that surrounds a person, contributes to the symbolization of the functions of different parts of the body, plays an important role in modeling the somatic fragment of the linguistic picture of the world. The conditionality of the consideration of somatisms is explained by the fact that they perfectly represent the anthropocentric worldview, and paroemias with somatic components allow to combine anthropocentrism with nationcentrism. The paper analyzes the research published during the last 5 years, which deals with various aspects of this issue and concludes that there is a lack of thorough research with a comprehensive consideration of somatic phraseological units, especially Ukrainian. The aim of the research is to reveal the meanings inherent to Ukrainian somatic paroemias, ways to reproduce the thinking and mentality of the Ukrainian people, to identify the place of paroemias with somatisms among the great variety of Ukrainian proverbs and sayings. The object of the study is 720 paroemias from the collection «The best proverbs and sayings of the Ukrainians», compiled by O. A. Popova. The paper contains a large number of examples and illustrative material. The description and analysis of paroemias with somatic components enable to determine what percentage of Ukrainian paroemias are somatic components and which of these elements are primary or secondary ones, and values they correspond to. The study presents figures and information illustrating and confirming the main aspects of the article. The analysis of a large number of paroemias with somatic components such as head, arm, eye, mouth, leg, heart, and ear showed that the most representative somatic components of Ukrainian paroemias are head, arms, and eyes. The authors conclude that Ukrainian paroemias with somatic components are an example of combining the universal in each culture with a specific ethnonational. The widespread use of somatisms in the Ukrainian paroemias is explained by the nature of human development of the world around us and by the principles of anthropocentrism and anthropomorphism of the world perception in human consciousness. Further study of the Ukrainian paroemias with somatic components will enrich our knowledge of the interaction of language and culture of the Ukrainians, will contribute to the further study of the world outlook of the Ukrainian nation.