Архітектурні особливості систем розподілених обчислень

Abstract

Recently, there has been an increasing penetration of information technology in almost all areas of human life. The development of information technology is associated with the emergence of new tasks that require significant computing resources and can not be solved on a conventional computer. A large amount of computing requires the creation of so-called supercomputers, which is not always technically possible. But there is another way to solve this problem, when a complex task is divided into a number of subtasks that run in parallel. And here come in handy distributed computing system. In general, a distributed computing system is a virtual machine that consists of several nodes connected by a network. That is, a certain three-dimensional problem is divided into several simple subtasks and connections are established between them. But such a system will be operational only when the tasks between the nodes are distributed correctly, and the sequence of their execution will take place according to a given algorithm. The article analyzes the architectural features of distributed computing systems. The main task of distributed computing technologies is to provide access to globally distributed resources and solve problems that require significant computing power and can not be implemented on a conventional computer. The complexity of global tasks is due to the fact that the necessary data can be accessed on different computers. In addition, distributed computing systems, which are formed from autonomous resources, can change their architecture dynamically. Management of such distributed computer systems requires the search for new computational models and the search for architectural solutions to build new systems that would meet the current level of development of information technology.