Модели принудительного исполнения административных актов

Abstract

Administrative bodies, when making a decision on a certain issue, adopt an adinistrative act. However, its enforcement may encounter problems when an individual is unwilling to voluntarily comply with its requirements, even under the threat of sanctions. As a general rule, Russian legislation does not recognise administrative act as an executive document per se. Hence, the purpose of the study is the search for models and means of ensuring the execution of administrative acts in the shortest possible time without significant costs. In continental law, there are two approaches to determining the rules to enforce administrative acts execution. The first is the French approach. It is based on the fact that enforcement is ensured by measures of responsibility. In case of refusal or evasion by a person, the administrative body must go to court to obtain an executive document and subsequently initiate enforcement proceedings. The German approach recognises administrative acts as the force power for an executive document. Under these conditions, the administrative body can avoid the judicial stage. However, as French judicial practice shows, compulsory execution of an administrative act is possible without involving the judicial system in this process. These are cases of urgent or exceptional circumstances (any disaster or military action). Therefore, Russian doctrine and practice can pay attention to the French approach. This will ensure the achievement of legitimate goals without significantly complicating procedures and will maintain law and order.