ШАРГОРОД НА ПЕРЕКРЕСТКЕ ЭТНОКУЛЬТУРНЫХ ТРАДИЦИЙ (ХVI – НАЧАЛО ХХ ВВ.)

Abstract

The cultural and historical past is the foundation of regional identity, ethnic identity and a source of personal identity. But culture exists not only in time, but also in space, therefore, the identification and study of the regional cultural identity is one of the tasks of regional studies, as an interdisciplinary science based on the historical and cultural heritage. The actualization of the problem of regional identity is associated with two factors: the political processes taking place in the post-Soviet space, and the information war which aims to distort our common cultural achievements in the historical process of joint development. This trend is especially evident in Ukraine, so it has determined the choice of ethnocultural traditions of Shargorod as the object of the research; this city in Podolia is distinguished by a heterogeneous confessional structure, which has determined its cultural identity. In the historical past of the city, the religious and cultural traditions of Judaism, Catholicism, Orthodoxy and Uniatism are inextricably intertwined, leaving a mark on the architecture of the city and the life of its inhabitants. The author believes that cultural identity is related to two factors: the religious tradition, which forms the way of life and is the core of the mentality, and the events external to it. In this region, such events were the wars and the home policy of the authorities in relation to the multi-ethnic and multi-confessional population. Therefore, the article provides a brief overview of the historical events that determined the ethnocultural originality of Shargorod, and examines the Jewish, Catholic and Orthodox traditions in creating its socio-cultural image in different historical periods. Attention is paid to the city’s layout, its architectural and sacral dominants, the mentality and way of life of its inhabitants, as well as the evolution of the role each tradition under studyplays. The author makes a conclusion about their influence on the cultural image of the city and its originality, localization and weak interpenetration, which during the formation of nationalist ideas in the early XXth century threatened to destroy the unified cultural and historical space.