Обзор данных по биологии нельмы Stenodus leucichthys nelma (Pallas, 1773)

Abstract

Nelma (Stenodus leucichthys nelma (Pallas, 1773)) is one of the biggest predators and a prominent representative of the whitefish family. It is a poorly studied valuable commercial species. The rate of growth and sexual maturation of this fish is very high compared to other whitefishes. Within the vast range of white salmon populations living in different geographical zones there can be found variability in meristic and size-weight characteristics. There are also differences in the time of sexual maturity of species in different rivers. Some negative limiting factors impact the nelma populations: pollution of water bodies, poaching, and transformation of the flows of large rivers (building the hydroelectric power stations, reservoirs, etc.). There have been presented the review of the published literature on nelma biology and the data of the proper research. Comparative analysis of the meristic, size-weight and physiological characteristics of nelma populations from different rivers within the geographical range has been made. From the review of available literary sources it follows that today the populations of nelma are characterized by a radical decline and rejuvenation of the spawning stock in almost all rivers of its habitat. There is found reducing the spawning areas of the species due to the regulation of the flows of large rivers. Studying biology and ecology of nelma as a valuable and endangered species is important today.