Abstract
The article summarizes the results of long-term observations over smelt stocks in the main fishing reservoirs of the Republic of Karelia: Lake Onega, Lake Ladoga, Lake Syamozero, the Vodlozero and Topo-Pyaozero reservoirs. There are given new data on smelt biology (distribution, linear and weight indices, abundance, biomass). In terms of the conducted studies it has been stated that smelt population is currently in a stable state, its catch is conducted mainly at the expense of mature individuals. Dynamics of catch for a long period has been presented. It has been found that the commercial possibilities of smelt population correspond to the production capabilities of its mature species and to the value obtained as a result of the biomass increase. The population of smelt in the Republic of Karelia is currently in a stable state and it is possible to receive greater catches due to more intensive and rationally organized fishery. Favorable state of smelt stocks (except whitebait from the Vodlozero reservoir, whose stocks today are decreasing) doesn’t suggest growing catches because of low consumer and market demands and its moderate commodity value. It has been recommended to stimulate taking out the stocks of smelt in order to rarefy population and to support the community at a higher level by organizing amateur fishing.
Highlights
The article summarizes the results of long-term observations over smelt stocks
In terms of the conducted studies it has been stated that smelt population is
It has been found that the commercial possibilities of smelt population correspond to the production capabilities
Summary
Материал и методика Материалом для обоснования общего допустимого улова (ОДУ) корюшки послужили полевые ихтиологические сборы, рыбопромысловая информация и собственные наблюдения, промысловая статистика, ретроспективные данные. Ранее корюшка вылавливалась главным образом (до 80 %) в период нерестовой путины (май) ставными неводами и мережами. С 2000 г., наряду с традиционными обловами нерестовой корюшки ставными орудиями лова, на карельской акватории озера стали широко использовать траловый лов на ее нагульных скоплениях. Основная масса корюшки вылавливается в весеннюю путину ставными мелкочастиковыми неводами и мережами. Обычно первой нерестится корюшка в Петрозаводской губе (западная часть), позже – в основном нерестовом районе (восточной части озера), и в последнюю очередь – в южной части водоема. Из данных анализа возрастного состава корюшки за среднемноголетний период следует, что ее промысловое стадо состоит из 7 возрастных групп (от 2-х до 8 лет). Доля рыб старше 6 лет в уловах незначительна % в улове Масса, г Длина тела, см Среднемноголетние биологические показатели корюшки в промысловых уловах Онежского озера
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