Цитогенетические последствия воздействия бензина на Lepidium sativum L.

Abstract

The study aimed to characterize the ecological aftermath of the impact of gasoline on biological objects. On today, oil and products from it remain one of the most common pollutants. The novelty and relevance of the study are determined by the minimum database of cytogenetic changes after impact of gasoline on biota. The registration of such consequences, as a rule, negative ones, dictates the need to develop directions and methods for the reclamation of contaminated areas. An experimental study using a model plant object – watercress (Lepidium sativum L.) revealed the aftermath of gasoline impact. This object made it possible to identify a complex of changes determined by the gasoline. The experiment studied the effect of AI-95 gasoline in concentrations of 3, 5, 10% (water solution). For cytogenetic analysis, temporary compressed micro preparations of root sections stained with acetoorcein were examined. The anaphase method was used to account the chromosomal abnormalities. Gasoline can also be characterized as a mutagen. The level of mutations (bridges, fragments, micronucleus) under the impact of gasoline at a concentration of 5% is 35 times higher than in the control. Multiple violations were registered only as a result of impact by the investigated pollutant, which determines a high increase in the frequency of micronucleus. The proportion of aberrant anaphases in the total number of anaphases in the control was 1,2%, in the experimental variants it increased to 42,0, 68,4 and 79,6% under the impact of gasoline at concentrations of 3, 5 and 10%. Mitotoxic, as well as cytotoxic activity, was recorded. It is shown in a decrease in the mitotic index and a change in the ratio of mitotic phases. In the experimental variants, the frequency of cells in anaphase is decreased and the proportion of cells at the prophase stage is increased. That may be due to increase repair systems operating time. New experimental data on the genotoxicity of gasoline replenish the information database on the negative consequences of the impact of gasoline on plant objects.