Изучение бывшего государственного крестьянства конца ХIX – начала XX века в советской и современной историографии

Abstract

Attention is focused on issues related to the study of the post-reform evolution of the state peasantry. The views of historians of different periods on the nature of the socio-economic development of the former state peasants in the late 19th – early 20th centuries are analyzed. It is argued that the stated problems have been relatively little studied, due to insufficient representation in the sources. As a result, the chronological framework of almost all category studies is limited to the 60s–70s of the 19th century. It is noted that the early works are characterized by a predominantly economic agenda with a subsequent shift to socio-political issues. On the whole, Soviet historians agreed on the initial economic superiority of the state village and the more dynamic nature of social processes among state peasants. However, these advantages could not be realized in the socio-economic relations that developed at that time and taking into account the nature of the state agrarian policy. The current stage is marked by an increase in interest in the state village, against the background of the expansion of the conceptual and methodological scientific arsenal. The number of works based on regional materials has noticeably increased. Analysis of these works allows us to conclude that the main attention of researchers is focused on economic aspects; social aspects are studied less and are predominantly general in nature.