Особенности офтальмологических заболеваний при инфекции COVID-19

Abstract

Before ophthalmic science and practice, the COVID-19 pandemic has identified a number of challenges. Aim. Сlinical and statistical analysis of eye pathology in patients admitted to the ophthalmology department during the incubation period of a new coronovirus infection for routine and emergency care, as well as in persons who have undergone COVID-19, with a demonstration of clinical observation. Materials and methods. 24 medical records of patients of the specialized ophthalmology department in the State Medical Institution of the “OKB No. 2” were retrospectively analyzed. The study period is from April 2020 to February 2021. A total of 24 patients received treatment, of which two-thirds were men Results. The structure of nosologies is presented as follows: inflammatory diseases 33.4%; injuries of the eyeball and their consequences 25%; retinal detachment 12.5%; glaucoma 12.5%; vascular pathology 8.3%; cataract 8.3%. Eye injuries – severe contusions and their consequences 16.7%. Nosologies that occurred in patients for the first time: neuritis of the optic nerve of both eyes, partial thrombosis of the upper-temporal branch of the central retinal vein of the left eye, hemophthalmos of the right eye, phlegmon of the orbit of the right eye, purulent ulcer of the cornea of the left eye, uncompensated, first detected, glaucoma of both eyes. Clinical manifestations of coronavirus infection occurred in 37.5% of patients who received specialized surgical treatment, including high-tech treatment for cataracts, glaucoma and retinal detachment in the early postoperative period. Somatic pathology was represented by: arterial hypertension in 37.5% of patients; type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis with the same frequency-29.2% of patients. Anemia, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, hepatitis and chronic lung pathology also occurred with the same frequency – 8.3% of patients. Conclusions. Patients may be admitted to the ophthalmology department during the incubation period of coronovirus infection. Acute conditions of the eyeball (retinal vein thrombosis, hemophthalmos, changes in the optic nerve, retinovasculitis) from our point of view belong to the initial manifestations of a new coronovirus infection.