Технологія виробництва біопестицидів на основі Bacillus thuringiensis

Abstract

Subject of research. Biopesticides are based on live cultures of specially selected beneficial microorganisms with controlled properties. They have a pronounced phytoprotective and stimulating effect, thus providing effective prevention and protection of plants from diseases. The obtained biological product increases productivity, improves the quality and structure of the crop, does not accumulate in plants, which allows to obtain environmentally friendly agricultural products and does not harm the environment. Among the large number of bacteria, as a source of microbiological insecticide is Bacillus thuringiensis, which infects lepidopteran pests and leads to their death. Preparations based on this strain are effective when used in low concentrations of solutions. The Bacillus thuringiensis strain produces several toxins with insecticidal action, including β-exotoxin and δ-endotoxin. Toxic effect is manifested and leads to paralysis of the intestinal tract of parasites. Preparations β-exotoxin and δ-endotoxin are obtained by culturing Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria in a liquid medium. The scientific work proposes a method of industrial production using by-products of vegetable raw materials, which makes it economically feasible to use such substrates. The purpose of the study is the development of technology, formulation of nutrient medium, process parameters for the cultivation of bacteria of the genus Bacillus thuringiensis and obtaining a culture fluid containing substances of the class of biopesticides. Methods. Standard and generally accepted methods of research of bioproducts in biotechnology. The formation of bioinsecticides was established by hydrolysis methods, followed by determination of the component of β-exotoxin – ribose, the formation of octagonal crystals of exotoxin – by microscopic method. Research results. Three variants of nutrient media, which include yeast-polysaccharide complex: corn flour, corn oil, yeast autolysate were developed. The parameters of the bacterial cultivation process were studied. The final product is a paste or powder with a titer of 35 .109 spores in 1 g of the bioproduct. Scope of research results. Microbiological preparations based on Bacillus thuringiensis are highly specific and act only on insect larvae from the classes Lepidoptera and Diptera. The resulting biopesticide can be used against pests of a wide range of vegetable and fruit crops.