Abstract
The collapse of the Tokugawa regime was attended by sudden filling out of samurai estates (bukechi) which had occupied large areas of urban land in early modem Japan. Tokyo felt this effect particularly strongly. The New Government overcame this crisis by dividing the city into two domains - the kakunai (inner) and kakugai (outer) areas. The bukechi of the kakunai formed the initial structure for the filling-in of new elements. The extents of these domains were repeatedly modified by the new govern- ment until Meiji 2 (1869), when Tokyo was decided upon as being the Imperial capital. These processes were significant in the process by which Edo became Tokyo, and formed the foundation of a continuing "dual structure" in the urban space of Tokyo.
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