ЭВАКУАЦИЯ ДЕТЕЙ ИЗ БАШКИРИИ В 1921-1922 ГГ.

Abstract

The article deals with the problem of evacuation of children from Ufa province and Little Bashkiria to other regions of the country during the famine of 1921-1922. The issue of re-evacuation of children to the republic is not affected. An analysis of the scientific literature has shown that there are three points of view in historiography regarding the number of evacuated children during this period. At the same time, the number of 11,859 people most often appeared in the sources. Taking into account the missing persons, more than 13 thousand children were evacuated in total. The evacuation took place in two stages: in September 1921 - January 1922, after which it was suspended due to lack of funds, then resumed in May 1922. On June 4, 1922, the evacuation of children was completely stopped on the instructions of Moscow. The geography of the destinations of the evacuated children was diverse. In the autumn of 1921, children were sent to Siberia, the Far East, the Middle Urals, Transcaucasia, Turkestan. Since December 1921, the western direction of evacuation began to dominate (Ukraine, Belarus, western provinces of Russia). Evacuation of children was associated with many organizational, financial, logistical, transport and other problems. The lack of clothing, shoes, uniforms, food restrained this process, led to a large morbidity and mortality of children on the way, especially in the initial period. In most cases, nothing was prepared at the arrival points for the reception of children. The plight of the evacuated children was noted in Pskov, Smolensk, Altai provinces, Chernihov, Turkestan, Batum, Tiflis. In Siberia and the western provinces, evacuated children were often distributed to peasants. In particular, in the Pskov province, children were forcibly distributed to peasants without any distinction of gender, age and nationality for a certain and indefinite period, only sometimes under contracts. The children evacuated to the Far Eastern Republic were in the best situation. In general, the arrangement of children's life in a new place was fraught with many difficulties.