Эволюция внешнеполитической концепции Ирана в 1920-1930-е гг

Abstract

The article highlights issues aimed at solving the problems of political and economic independence facing Iran, which affect the foreign policy concept of Iran. The development of Iranian society after the establishment of the Pahlavi monarchy took place in a complex and controversial international situation. The existence of the Soviet state near the northern borders of Iran, on the one hand, and the attempt to maintain and strengthen its control by Britain and other Western powers, on the other hand, influenced the features of economic and political development. Reflecting directly the interests of a certain circle of people, however, Iran’s foreign policy was subordinated to the tasks of restricting the economic and political positions of foreign capital in the country. Iranian diplomacy was called upon to provide favorable external conditions for ongoing internal measures to weaken economic dependence on the leading powers and strengthen the country’s international position. Solving the problem of overcoming economic backwardness, the monarchy in the process of changing the structure of the economy had to take into account three aspects: sectoral, territorial and socio-economic. As history has shown, the most difficult thing for Iran was to change the socio-economic structure due to the fact that the interests of the Shah and his inner circle were in the first place, and only then the interests of the country. The article did not set the task to consider the foreign policy of Iran in relation to all the leading powers of the West and the countries of the Persian Gulf. In view of these considerations, the main attention is focused on highlighting the key issues of Iran’s relations with the USSR and England. Accordingly, the main purpose of the work was to identify the most important moments in the evolution of the foreign policy of the Shah’s state in the 20-30s. XX century, and the reasons that influenced this process. The study of Iran in the system of international relations in the years under review is of considerable interest for understanding the evolution of the foreign policy concept, methods and techniques of Iranian diplomacy, which, despite changes in the socio-economic and political structure of Iran and the systems of international relations, maintained internal continuity. A significant role in the foreign policy of Reza Shah was played by dynastic interests, however, in matters relating to political relations with Germany, he tried to follow an independent national foreign policy