МАҢҒЫСТАУ ӨҢІРІНДЕГІ АШТЫҚ ПЕН БОСҚЫНШЫЛЫҚ(1920 ж. СОҢЫ - 1930 ж. БАСЫ)

Abstract

Based on archival materials, the article notes that the famine and migration of 1929-1933, which covered the territory of the Mangystau region, began earlier than in other regions of Kazakhstan.Comparative data on the loss of population and livestock for those years prove that one of the reasons for the sharp decline in population is migration, which affected the dynamics of the population of the region. In the spring of 1929, a third of the region’s population, about 60,491 people, were starving. It is noted that measures have been taken to internally relocate the starving population of the region to other regions of the republic. Thousands of Mangystau residents moved to Turkmenistan in search of work, and then to Iran.The Kazakh Central Executive Committee and the Kazakh government, represented by the heads of the district, sent a letter to the Council of Turkmen People’s Commissars in Krasnovodsk, Ashgabat, asking for permission for the Aday tribe to winter in the north of the republic. Starving Kazakhs who have lost their livestock will be offered to temporarily reside in the cities of Merv, Bayramaly, Tajen of Turkmenistan and provide them with assistance. However, archival documents revealed in the archives are evidence that the spring field campaign was more concerned about the republican governing bodies than the fight against hunger and migration.In the article, the authors, based on new archival documents, delve into the history of famine and migration of Kazakhs in the Mangystau region.