Abstract
This article explains the necessity to clarify the ideas about the etiology and pathogenesis of amblyopia due to the accumulation of information. Firstly, due to the appearance of new ophthalmological and optometric instruments, it became possible to detect distinct signs of organic and functional pathology of various kinds in patients diagnosed with amblyopia, which were previously impossible to detect. Secondly, modern highly effective and informative neurophysiological methods of vision process investigation allowed to develop complete and more adequate concept of structural and functional organization of human visual system and its possible impairments which lead to amblyopia. Thirdly, considering the entire experience of clinical practice testifies to the greater heterogeneity of this disease than it was previously imagined and points to the incompleteness of the initial descriptions and definitions of this pathology. Key words: etiology of amblyopia, pathogenesis of amblyopia, evolution of concepts on amblyopia
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