Понимание текста как феномен межкультурной коммуникации

Abstract

The article examines the specifics of understanding a literary text in the aspect of intercultural communication. The purpose of the article is to show national characteristics in strategies for understanding a literary text. The results of an experiment conducted by the counter-text method, developed in the works of A. Novikov, are presented. The material for the experiment was the text “Before Dawn” by M. Prishvin, to each sentence of which respondents had to write down the first reaction that arose in their minds. The experiment involved 20 native speakers of Russian and Chinese, who are students of South Ural State University. Before the start of the experiment, foreign respondents confirmed their knowledge of Russian as a foreign language by passing the standardized test TRKI-1. Analysis of the experiment results showed that in the group of native Russian speakers the most frequent reaction is the PROGNOZ type, which is an assumption about how the text will unfold further. The respondents of this group actively engaged in dialogue with the author, and even argued with him. In the group of native Chinese speakers, the most frequent reaction was GENERALIZATION, which is a reduction of the meaning of a phrase to a more general statement. The identified differences allow us to speak about the existence of understanding strategies determined by the characteristics of national culture, including stereotypes of perception of certain phenomena that have developed during socialization. The article suggests the possible influence of the stereotype ‘Russians are a fighting nation’ on the understanding of M. Prishvin’s text by Chinese respondents. The article concludes that the knowledge, beliefs and expectations of an individual, formed under the influence of their native culture, form the basis for the interpretation of the text they perceive. In conclusion, the conditions for optimizing text understanding in intercultural communication are outlined.