МИКРОБНЫЙ ПЕЙЗАЖ ПРИ МАСТИТАХ У КОРОВ

Abstract

Despite the subdivision of livestock farms in the process of agricultural reform, obstetric and gynecological diseases in farm animals, including mastitis, remain key problem for veterinary medicine specialists. Studies on the bacterial etiology of mastitis in cows were conducted in 12 farms in the Moscow region with a population of 12254 cattle, including 4445 cows. When studying microbiocenoses during mastitis in cows on farms in the Moscow region, it was found that the microbial landscape of cow udder secretions in mastitis is very diverse and heterogeneous. Thus, 486 pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms were isolated from 103 cows with mastitis, which were referred to 11 species. More often, during mastitis in cows, representatives of Streptococcus SP. p., Staphylococcus sp. p., Lactobacillus sp. p. and Escherichia sp. p. were isolated from udder secretions. – 25,7 %; 20,8 %; 18,3 % and 9.6 %, respectively. It was established that mastitis in cows is caused not by a single pathogen, but by microbial associations, which include from 2 to 7 isolates. When serotyping E. coli cultures, it was established that from the milk of cows with mastitis, O8 and O18 were most often isolated by 7 (15.2 %), O78 – 6 (13.1 %), and O101 and O126 by 5 (10.9 %) cases out of the total number of isolated serotypes. Of the udder secretions of cows with mastitis, 37 (80.4 %) isolates from the total number of Escherichia coli also had hemolysin-producing properties. In the milk of cows with mastitis, the highest concentration contains representatives of the species Staphylococcus sp. p.; Escherichia sp. p.; Pseudomonas sp. p. and Streptococcus sp. p., respectively, 5.67±0.08 lg; 4.37±0.32 lg; 4.24±0.20 lg and 4.13±0.15 lg. Fungi of Candida species varied at the level of 102 CFU. More often, pathogenic properties were found in cultures of S. aureus 48 (27.7 %), E. coli 22 (12.7 %), S. uberis 18 (10.3 %) and S. dysgalactiae 17 (9.8 %) of the total number of pathogenic isolates for white mice. Of the 11 isolated cultures of Candida fungi, 5 (2.9 %) isolates were pathogenic. The highest antimicrobial activity was observed in enrofloxacin, cephalexin, norfloxacin, cobactan and ofloxacin. The number of microbial isolates sensitive to these antimicrobial agents was 466 (98,1 %); 455 (95,8 %); 440 (92,6 %); 438 (92,2 %) and 432 (90.9 %). The most effective antimycotic agent was intraconazole, which showed activity to all 11 (100.0 %) isolated fungi.