МЕТАФІЗИЧНІ МОТИВИ У ПОЕЗІЇ БОЛЕСЛАВА ЛЕСЬМЯНА

Abstract

The research is devoted to the metaphysical motives in the poetry of Bolesław Leśmian. This is an important milestone in the history of Polish literature. The legacy of such poets determines not only the nature of national poetry, but also has a significant impact on the development of world literature. Bolesław Leśmian created his unique metaphysical world. Its structure, organization and other features and innovations are the subject of our study. The aim of the study is to show the metaphysical motives in the poetry of Bolesław Leśmian, based on the critical reception of the representatives of the Polish and Ukrainian literary studies from the past and present century. The main features of the soul topos in Lesmian’s poetry are its transcendent origin, connection to corporalness, death, individuality, permanent motion. In our study, we came to the conclusion that Man can exist only in conjunction with nature. With its help, he can know the otherworldly, God, but when he merges with it, he becomes a different form of being, but does not die. Because man can not know God, he is afraid of the unknown and the unconscious she suffers. Man seeks to know God, but he is not her guardian or ruler. The other world is a redeveloped, separate world, there are travels, the poet is constantly looking for similarities to the earth. It is fictional, therefore, M. Glovinsky calls it “represented”. B. Leśmian’s poetic world is sensational and the perception and understanding of his world is through our senses. The dream in poetry of Bolesław Leśmian is not only a leading motive but also an element of the composition and often acts as the theme of the poem. To represent his metaphysical world, Bolesław Leśmian uses the technique of installation, introduces new words, oxymorons and other artistic techniques characteristic of the epoch of modernism. According to metaphysics, the highest value is earthly existence, and vice versa: the impossibility of being, the inability to become bodily, which feels thinking, is the fundamental source of all suffering. Bolesław Leśmian seems to open the opposite world to us, the unceasing motion of that which does not exist, unmanaged in the side of existence, and realizes the painfulness of the unassembled form of existence, which is as strong as the suffering of the body.