ГЕГЕЛЬ КРИТИКУЕТ КАНТА (И ПРЕОДОЛЕВАЕТ ЕГО?)

Abstract

The article considers the alleged – or actual – philosophical victory of Hegel’s absolute idealism over the subjective idealism and agnosticism of Kant. These great philosophers, who were at the same time great scientists, have three essential features in com-mon: they are idealists, rationalists, and dialecticians. However, they have many differences: in particular, Kant’s philosophy is closer to science, Hegel’s system is closer to religion; at the same time, Hegelian dialectics wins in consistency and completeness; Hegel portrayed the picture of the world historical and philosophical process much better, etc. In our time, Kantianism is more popular, which can be explained, first, by the influence of positivism and postmodernism as its cultural background, both based on Kant, and secondly, by the collapse of Marxism which was essentially founded by Hegelianism. Hegel’s philosophy is therefore in need of a new reappraisal and, in a certain sense, rehabilitation. The article touches upon the comparative evaluation of the laws of nature, the two-stage division of thinking and the consideration of the functions of experience by both classics.